Leaking roof? This is what your home insurance provider will want to know

2024 has the dubious honour of being the worst year on record in Canadian history for weather-related damage, with insured losses coming in at more than 8 billion dollars, according a report by Catastrophe Indices and Quantification, Inc. (CatIQ),

With wind, snow and heavy rainfall increasing in frequency and severity, along with an aging housing supply, it’s never been more vital for homeowners to understand their insurance policies – especially when it comes to one of the most expensive and common risks: roof repairs.

Knowing what is and is not covered—and how to avoid roof leaks in the first place—can be the difference between a manageable setback and a major financial hit if your roof is ever damaged.

Does home insurance cover roof leaks?

Whether or not insurance will cover a roof leak generally comes down to if the damage was sudden and accidental (like a severe storm or other “act of nature”), or a result of age, normal wear and tear or poor maintenance.

Depending on your policy, some home insurance policies will provide a list of “named/specified perils” and only the causes of damage specifically listed will be covered. More comprehensive or “all risk” policies offer more extensive protection. If you’re unsure of what’s covered, ask your insurance provider.

Related: Is flooding covered by home insurance?

Situations that are usually covered

Common examples of covered events include:

• Damage from wind, hail or snowstorms (as long as your roof was initially in good condition)
• Ice damming is typically covered. This is when melted snow refreezes along the edge of the roof, thus preventing water from draining off the surface which then causes water to get under the shingles, causing leaks.
• Fallen tree/branches or other large objects
• Fire damage

Situations that are usually not covered

If your damage falls under any of the following scenarios, it’s likely not covered.

• Any damage directly resulting from poor maintenance or neglect, such as clogged gutters, or poorly installed and maintained skylights
• A roof over 20 years of age may not be covered, particularly one that was in need of repairs/replacement
• Pre-existing damage
• A poorly installed roof
• A delayed claim, i.e., waiting too long to notify your insurance provider. Some policies contain clauses that limit the time in which you can make a claim. For example, some stipulate that you must file a claim within three months of the damage.
• Damage from rodents or other pests

Read more: What is an uninsurable peril?

Key information your insurance provider will need

The specific information your provider will need to process a claim can vary. However, they generally include the following:

• Date and cause of the damage:
  Insurers will need this information to determine whether you can make a claim. Also be sure to file a claim as soon as possible. If you wait too long, your claim may be denied.
• Maintenance records:
  It’s wise to document any maintenance performed on the roof so you can provide proof it was in good condition before the damage occurred.
• Photographic evidence:
  Photos and videos can help substantiate a claim.
• Detailed repair estimates from contractors:
  Your insurer may provide a list of approved contractors.

Learn more: 3 things you should always tell your landlord and insurance company

Tips to avoid roof leaks in the future

While you can’t prevent a storm or other act of nature, diligent preventative maintenance can go far to limit the scope and cost of roof repair.

• Regular roof inspections:
  Putting a bit of money towards a yearly roof inspection could save you thousands in a denied claim down the line
• Keep drains and eavestroughs clear:
  At least once a year, clear your eavestroughs of leaves and debris (ideally in late autumn, after major leaf fall) or consider investing in covered eavestroughs.
• Making sure your shingles are in good condition:
  Asphalt shingles generally last anywhere between 15 to 30 years, depending on the quality. Consider upgrading to a metal roof for better protection and durability— and you may even save on insurance costs.
• Trim overhanging branches:
  It’s not just your roof’s condition that you need to consider; ensuring that nearby trees are healthy and free from rot could prevent a major repair, especially in heavily treed neighbourhoods. Fallen branches can also cause mold or clog eavestrough and drains.
• Making sure your attic is well insulated and ventilated:
  Proper ventilation and insulation can help prevent ice damming. It will also guard against moisture issues and rot.

Your roof is especially vulnerable to severe weather like heavy rain and snowfall. Understanding what your home insurance policy covers and taking steps to guard against a leaky roof can help you better protect your home and your piece of mind.